![]() |
|
![]()
January 8th, 2013
05:01 PM ET
Lifelong bilinguals may have more efficient brainsNeuroscientists have been discovering mounting evidence that being fluent in more than one language protects against age-related cognitive declines. But there's still the major question: Why? Researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to get a closer look at the brains of both bilinguals and monolinguals, comparing how their activity differs during specific tasks. This new study, published Tuesday in the Journal of Neuroscience, expands upon previous ideas that bilinguals tend to show superior task-switching abilities compared to monolinguals. The study was led by Brian Gold of the University of Kentucky in Lexington. Methods Scientists recruited 110 people who all took a survey about language background, abilities and frequency of usage. "Lifelong bilinguals" were defined as people who are fluent in two languages, specifically those who spoke English and another language every day since age 10 or younger. There was a variety of languages represented among the bilinguals, which adds to the strength of the experiments, said Judith Kroll, professor of linguistics and psychology at Pennsylvania State University, who was not involved in this study. Results Bilinguals and monolinguals scored about the same, on average, on tests of simple working memory. But in experiments where participants were switching between perceptual tasks, the older adult bilinguals were faster than the older adult monolinguals. Generally among younger participants, performance did not appear to be related to bilingual vs. monolingual status. "The fact that only the older bilinguals reveal these differences also demonstrates that this isn't a simple effect," Kroll said. "After all, the older lifelong bilinguals were once younger lifelong bilinguals." The pattern of brain activity observed in adult bilinguals was similar to what the researchers saw in younger adults. Their better performance appeared to require "less activation in several frontal brain regions linked with effortful processing," the study said. In other words, the older bilinguals were using their brains more efficiently than the older monolinguals. "This suggests that neural efficiency may represent a core underlying mechanism of the bilingual task-switching advantage in aging," the study authors wrote. The researchers did not find significant differences in the volumes of key brain regions between monolinguals and bilinguals, suggesting that size was not a factor in performance. Limitations and future research As with many fMRI studies, the sample size in this series of experiments was relatively small. The cost of the fMRI process often limits the number of participants in studies of this nature. Further research with more participants should be done to confirm the results. Based on this study, it's unclear whether starting to learn a second language later in life would give the same cognitive benefits as lifelong bilingualism. A different study could compare people who had begun language acquisition at various ages. The cognitive benefits of being bilingual in old age, as observed in this study, could be considered analogous to brain benefits from exercise and other kinds of training seen in other research. Kroll noted that if that is the case, then perhaps the age of language acquisition isn't so important, but more research needs to be done in order to verify this. Bottom line Kroll said the study "makes an exciting contribution" to this line of research about the cognitive advantages of being bilingual in old age. There had been some skepticism about whether it was truly the knowledge of two languages that's linked to particular benefits in aging, or some other underlying characteristic that bilinguals have. "We and others have suggested that bilinguals are 'mental jugglers' for whom the continuous activity of both languages imposes the demand to select the intended language, but we are still at an early stage of understanding how language experience specifically produces the sort of neural efficiency reported in this study," Kroll said. |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() About this blog
Get a behind-the-scenes look at the latest stories from CNN Chief Medical Correspondent, Dr. Sanjay Gupta, Senior Medical Correspondent Elizabeth Cohen and the CNN Medical Unit producers. They'll share news and views on health and medical trends - info that will help you take better care of yourself and the people you love. |
|
best price usa tadalafil cost of cialis where to buy generic cialis online safely where to buy cialis without prescription https://tadalafilww.com/ – tadalafil dosage
cheap cialis pills for sale tadalafil drug where to buy tadalafil on line tadalafil goodrx https://apcalisetadalafil.com/
buy cyclosporine usa cyclomune eye drops 1%
brimonidine brimonidine side effects
https://tadagatadalafil.com/ tadalafil dosage https://tadalafilww.com/ – tadalafil brands generic tadalafil from uk
best price usa tadalafil https://tadacipetadalafil.com/ buy cialis pills tadalafil online with out prescription cialis cost
avanafil vs cialis buy avanafil canada
tadalafil dosage cost of cialis tadalafil tadalafil cost walmart https://cttadalafil.com/
tadalafil buy tadalafil tadalafil online with out prescription tadalafil blood pressure https://apcalisetadalafil.com/
https://tadalafilww.com/ tadalafil goodrx cialis without prescription cialis without a prescription generic cialis tadalafil
cialis cost https://tadagatadalafil.com/ – canada generic tadalafil generic cialis tadalafil where to buy tadalafil on line cialis at canadian pharmacy
tadalafil goodrx cheap cialis pills for sale generic tadalafil from uk where to buy cialis without prescription https://tadagatadalafil.com/
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is basically a game where you can do anything you want. SL is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you want to see more you can see these sl articles and blogs
http://everydayliteracies.blogspot.com/2014/08/new-book-in-our-series-youth-community.html?showComment=1541518937963
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is essentially a game where you can do anything you want. SL is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you want to see more you can see these sl websites and blogs
http://myvedana.blogspot.com/2010/04/digital-literacy.html?showComment=1467097291955&m=0
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is essentially a video game where you can do anything you want. sl is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you want to see more you can see these second life articles and blogs
http://everydayliteracies.blogspot.com/2015/09/?m=0
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is basically a video game where you can do anything you want. Second life is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you want to see more you can see these Second Life authors and blogs
http://herald.blogs.com/slh/2008/11/something-wicke.html?cid=138375034
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is basically a game where you can do anything you want. Second life is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you want to see more you can see these sl authors and blogs
http://lists.artdesign.unsw.edu.au/pipermail/empyre/2007-August/msg00042.html
Best view i have ever seen !
https://posts.google.com/url?q=https://www.yamatocosmos.com
Thank you for sharing indeed great looking !
https://country-inn-suites.com/india-hotels/karnataka/manipal
This was great! I would like you to clean up all this spam though
https://www.linkedin.com/in/yusufhanafy
where do you get hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine aralen hydroxychloroquine classification
tadalafil evolution peptides tadalafil price at walmart tadalafil daily online
tadalafil liquid cialis without a doctor prescription tadalafil dosage
hydroxychloroquine hcq chloroquine coronavirus http://www.drugs.com side effects
best research tadalafil buy cialis online tadalafil drug
chloroquine tablets hydroxychloroquine coronavirus chloroquina
drug chloroquine renaud muselier chloroquine phosphate side effects
tadalafil xtenda 20 mg cialis without a prescription tadalafil drug
This was great! I would like you to clean up all this spam though
https://www.linkedin.com/in/yusufhanafy
Best view i have ever seen !
https://maps.google.co.zw/url?q=https://shiatsu-web.com
can hydroxychloroquine cause blindness malarone hydro clore quinn
This was awesome! I would like you to clean up all this spam though
https://www.linkedin.com/in/yusufhanafy
Best view i have ever seen !
https://images.google.com.qa/url?q=https://shiatsu-web.com
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is basically a online game where you can do anything you want. SL is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you would like to see more you can see these Second Life articles and blogs
http://beyondnewhorizons.com/tag/advertising/
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is essentially a online game where you can do anything you want. sl is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you want to see more you can see these second life articles and blogs
http://thisteachinglife.blogspot.com/2005/08/accept-australian-values-or-get-out-dr.html
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is essentially a video game where you can do anything you want. SL is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you would like to see more you can see these Second Life authors and blogs
http://digitalliteracywork.wordpress.com/2014/01/13/judging-a-book-by-its-urls-accurate-and-concise-digital-references-are-central-to-academic-rigour-and-credibility/
I don't know about you guys but I love airplanes. I had a friend in highschool that loved airplanes, so here are some airplane related stuff I don't know about you guys but I love airplanes. I had a friend in highschool that loved airplanes, so here are some airplane related stuff https://www.airlinereporter.com/2010/06/boeing-begins-fuselage-assembly-for-747-8-intercontinental/
http://urlm.co/g/c/f/163873
I don't know about you people but I infatuated with airplanes. I had a friend in highschool that loves airplanes, so here are some airplane related stuff I don't know about you guys but I love airplanes. I had a friend in highschool that loved airplanes, so here are some airplane related stuff https://www.airlinereporter.com/2011/03/air-china-orders-5-boeing-747-8-intercontinentals-with-photo/
http://www.hotfrog.com/search/mountlake-terrace2Cwa/freight
I don't know about you guys but I am obsessed with airplanes. I have a friend in highschool that loved airplanes, so here are some airplane related stuff I don't know about you guys but I love airplanes. I had a friend in highschool that loved airplanes, so here are some airplane related stuff https://www.airlinereporter.com/2011/05/general-aviation-day-is-this-saturday-at-paine-field/
http://virtualpolitik.blogspot.com/2007/06/?m=0
I don't know about you all but I love airplanes. I had a friend in highschool that loved airplanes, so here are some airplane related stuff I don't know about you guys but I love airplanes. I had a friend in highschool that loved airplanes, so here are some airplane related stuff https://www.airlinereporter.com/2010/02/american-airlines-hopes-to-stop-lost-luggage/
http://rumblingstrips.blogspot.com/2010/
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is basically a game where you can do anything you want. sl is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you want to see more you can see these sl websites and blogs
http://myvedana.blogspot.com/2009/04/twitter-ye-not.html?m=0
The information shared is of top quality which has to get appreciated at all levels. Well done…
https://unitedmasters.com/m/allenbmusic
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is basically a video game where you can do anything you want. sl is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you want to see more you can see these sl websites and blogs
http://myvedana.blogspot.com/2018/10/?m=0
buy tadalafil powder https://www.pharmaceptica.com/
658517 257000Giving you the most effective News is very significantly imptortant to us. 620215
326593 277051Quite good style and style and fantastic topic matter, very little else we want : D. 132853
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is essentially a online game where you can do anything you want. SL is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you want to see more you can see these Second Life articles and blogs
http://amusingspace.blogspot.com/2008/06/ive-been-punked-harajuku-babe-bites.html
Have you ever heard of second life (sl for short). It is essentially a online game where you can do anything you want. sl is literally my second life (pun intended lol). If you want to see more you can see these sl articles and blogs
http://adolit.blogspot.com/2005/01/fellow-blogger.html
discount erectile medication https://www.pharmaceptica.com/
erectile dementia https://www.pharmaceptica.com/